【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforDevelopingAppropriateStatisticalApproachesforGround-WaterDetectionMonitoringPrograms
【原文标准名称】:地下水探测监测程序用开发适当的统计近似值的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6312-1998(2005)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:探测监测;预测限制;废弃物处理设施;控制图;统计学;地下水
【英文主题词】:controlcharts;detectionmonitoring;groundwater;predictionlimits;statistics;wastedisposalfacilities
【摘要】:Theprincipaluseofthisguideisinground-waterdetectionmonitoringofhazardousandmunicipalsolidwastedisposalfacilities.ThereisconsiderablevariabilityinthewayinwhichexistingGuideUSEPAregulationandguidanceareinterpretedandpracticed.Often,muchofcurrentpracticeleadstostatisticaldecisionrulesthatleadtoexcessivefalsepositiveorfalsenegativerates,orboth.Thesignificanceofthisproposedguideisthatitjointlyminimizesfalsepositiveandfalsenegativeratesatnominallevelswithoutsacrificingoneerrorforanother(whilemaintainingacceptablestatisticalpowertodetectactualimpactstoground-waterquality(4)).Usingthisguide,anowner/operatororregulatoryagencyshouldbeabletodevelopastatisticaldetectionmonitoringprogramthatwillnotfalselydetectcontaminationwhenitisabsentandwillnotfailtodetectcontaminationwhenitispresent.1.1Thisguidecoversthecontextofground-watermonitoringatwastedisposalfacilities,regulationshaverequiredstatisticalmethodsasthebasisforinvestigatingpotentialenvironmentalimpactduetowastedisposalfacilityoperation.Owner/operatorsmustperformastatisticalanalysisonaquarterlyorsemiannualbasis.Astatisticaltestisperformedoneachofmanyconstituents(forexample,10to50ormore)foreachofmanywells(5to100ormore).Theresultispotentiallyhundreds,andinsomecases,athousandormorestatisticalcomparisonsperformedoneachmonitoringevent.Evenifthefalsepositiverateforasingletestissmall(forexample,1%),thepossibilityoffailingatleastonetestonanymonitoringeventisvirtuallyguaranteed.Thisassumesyouhavedonethecorrectstatisticinthefirstplace.1.2Thisguideisintendedtoassistregulatorsandindustryindevelopingstatisticallypowerfulgound-watermonitoringprogramsforwastedisposalfacilities.Thepurposeofthesemethodsistodetectapotentialgound-waterimpactfromthefacilityattheearliestpossibletimewhilesimultaneouslyminimizingtheprobabilityoffalselyconcludingthatthefacilityhasimpactedgroundwaterwhenithasnot.1.3Whenappliedinappropriatelyexistingregulationandguidanceonstatisticalapproachestoground-watermonitoringoftensufferfromalackofstatisticalclarityandoftenimplementmethodsthatwilleitherfailtodetectcontaminationwhenitispresent(afalsenegativeresult)orconcludethatthefacilityhasimpactedgoundwaterwhenithasnot(afalsepositive).Historicalapproachestothisproblemhaveoftensacrificedonetypeoferrortomaintaincontrolovertheother.Forexample,someregulatoryapproacheserronthesideofconservatism,keepingfalsenegativeratesnearzerowhilefaslepositiveratesapproach100%.1.4Thepurposeofthisguideistoillustrateastatisticalground-watermonitoringstrategythatminimizesbothfalsenegativeandfalsepositiverateswithoutsacrificingonefortheother.1.5Thisguideisapplicabletostatisticalaspectsofground-waterdetectionmonitoringforhazardousandmunicipalsolidwastedisposalfacilities.1.6Itisofcriticalimportancetorealizethatonthebasisofastatisticalanalysisalone,itcanneverbeconcludedthatawastedisposalfacilityhasimpactedgroundwater.Astatisticallysignificantexceedanceoverbackgroundlevelsindicatesthatthenewmeasurementinaparticularmonitoringwellforaparticularconstituentisinconsistentwithchanceexpectationsbasedontheavailablesampleofbackgroundmeasurements.1.7Similarly,statisticalmethodscanneverovercomelimitationsofagroundwatermonitoringnetworkthatmightariseduetopoorsitecharacterization,wellinstallationandlocation,sampling,oranalysis.1.8Itisnotedthatwhenjustified,intra-wellcomparisonsarege......
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_40
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】: